African inclusion in prostate cancer genomic studies provides the first glimpses into addressing health disparities through tailored clinical care
Hayes, Vanessa M.; Gong, Tingting; Mutambirwa, Shingai B.A.; Jaratlerdsiri, Weerachai; Bornman, Maria S. (Riana)
No abstract available.
African inclusion in prostate cancer genomic studies provides the first glimpses into addressing health disparities through tailored clinical care
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In vitro comparison of the physical and mechanical properties of an ormocer with an ormocer-based composite and a nanocomposite restorative material
In vitro comparison of the physical and mechanical properties of an ormocer with an ormocer-based composite and a nanocomposite restorative material
Jansen van Rensburg, Karien; Kritzinger, Dorette; Arnold, Samantha; Buchanan, Glynn Dale
OBJECTIVES : To compare an ormocer with a first generation ormocer‐based
composite and a nanocomposite in terms of surface roughness, surface hardness,
and microleakage.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : An ormocer (Admira Fusion), a first generation ormocerbased
composite (Admira) and a nanocomposite (Filtek Z350 XT) were prepared
strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction and recommendation to
provide optimal material properties. Twelve disk samples of each material were
evaluated to assess both surface roughness and surface hardness. For surface
roughness, all samples were finished, polished, and Ra values measured with a
profilometer. For surface hardness, samples were stored in an incubator, polished
and a Vickers diamond indenter was used to record values. For microleakage, 36
standardized, Class V cavities were prepared and randomly divided into three
groups. Restored teeth were thermally fatigued, immersed in 2% methylene blue
solution for 48 h, sectioned, and scored for occlusal and gingival microleakage.
RESULTS : Statistical significance was set at p .05). A significantly higher surface hardness was
identified for the nanocomposite compared to both the ormocer (p
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Establishing standards for Yonsei point in a white South African population for the treatment of gummy smile
Establishing standards for Yonsei point in a white South African population for the treatment of gummy smile
Booysen, Brandon; Baron, Rene H.; Uys, Andre
INTRODUCTION : The purpose of this study is to establish the efficacy of Yonsei point in
the treatment of a gummy smile in a White South African population. The accurate
surface anatomy criteria in relation to the underlying musculature for the
administration of Botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of gummy smile was
determined.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Nineteen (10 males and 9 females) cadavers were selected
for facial dissection. Facial profile photographs were taken before and after
dissection. The before and after photographs were overlayed to determine where
the pin positions should be on the dissected cadaver to determine the Yonsei point.
The levator labii superioris (LLS), LLS alaeque nasi (LLSAN), zygomaticus minor, and
zygomaticus major muscles were measured using a protractor and ruler, which
accounted for the manual measurements. Digital measurements were measured by
importing dissected images into ImageJ. Circles with a 2 cm diameter (1 cm radius)
were constructed to determine whether the Yonsei point could successfully
influence muscles fibers.
RESULTS : Digital and manual measurements show comparable results with high
correlation and reliability. Results showed that the White South African population
had narrower facial musculature angles as compared with the Korean population.
CONCLUSION : Based on the selected sample, the Yonsei point is an ineffective injection
site for the successful treatment of gummy smile in a White South African
population.
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT :
The data that support the findings of this study are available on
request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly
available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
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Studies into the reduction of domestic fuel burning emissions by means of facile catalytic abatement technology
Studies into the reduction of domestic fuel burning emissions by means of facile catalytic abatement technology
Steyn, Marilize; Claassen, Nicolaas; Forbes, Patricia B.C.
The negative health and socio-economic impacts of emissions associated with domestic fuel burning are widely recognized. Although
there has been much progress in the provision of electricity to households in South Africa, many still rely on solid fuel sources such
as wood and coal. While various investigations have been done on reducing household emissions by reducing the use of polluting
fuels and improvements in combustion efficiency, comparatively fewer studies have been conducted on the reduction of emissions
through use of abatement technology. Catalytic oxidation could be utilized to oxidize particulate matter precursors such as volatile
organic compounds and soot particles to reduce secondary particulate formation. Although catalytic methods have not been
effectively utilized in practical domestic applications, studies have shown effective soot reduction during laboratory testing. This
study investigated the synthesis and use of a manganese oxide based catalyst to reduce particulate matter from domestic fuel burning
stoves. The catalyst was synthesized onto a mesh substrate and inserted into the flue of the stove. During field testing, the presence of
the catalyst increased the mass of particulate matter collected onto PTFE filters used for gravimetric analysis, with Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) analysis showing spherical particles in the pores of the filters used during the catalytic runs. The baseline runs
had very few of these particle clusters. Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis of the catalyst run filters did not detect manganese,
revealing that increased particulate concentrations were not as a result of macroscopic particles of the catalyst being dislodged from
the support. Dislodgement of very small metal particles from the catalyst could, however serve as nucleation nodes for particle growth
which would have a non-metal coating leading to the non-detection of manganese. The increase in particulate matter could also be
caused by the impingement of particulate matter precursors on the catalyst followed by particle growth and dislodgement into the
flue gas. The testwork showed that an active catalyst can be synthesized onto a mesh catalyst support in a relatively simple and costeffective
manner, which can be utilized in domestic fuel burning devices. It is recommended that a range of optimized, potentially
active catalysts be tested to improve the oxidation of particulate matter precursors to carbon dioxide.
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